Wavelet Analysis of Finite Height Grid Turbulence Over a Flat Plate
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An experimental investigation was carried out in a wind tunnel in order to study the turbulent flow over a flat plate that is a scaledown of a photovoltaic (PV) panel. By inducing turbulence in the flow over a PV panel, its convective heat loss can be increased. The turbulence was generated by a plate with diamond-shaped perforations (grid), which was mounted vertically at the leading edge of the flat plate. Fourier and wavelet transforms are utilized to study the turbulence downstream of the grid at specific points. Results showed that at the height of the upper edge of the grid, turbulence has a higher kinetic energy than at the points behind the grid. For the points behind the grid, at all eddy size ranges, turbulence energy decayed significantly with downstream distance. For the points at grid height, it seems that for large eddies (frequency lower than 100 Hz) the energy increased in the downstream direction and for other ranges it decreased very slightly. This analysis may influence the design of passive flow devices meant to enhance the heat transfer from a PV panel’s surface.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".