Ultrasound and nerve stimulation-guided axillary block
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The axillary block of the brachial plexus is widely used as an anaesthesia and analgesia technique in upper limb surgery, specifically for hand, wrist and forearm procedures. The use of nerve stimulation and ultrasound guidance has increased the rate of success with this block. This article presents a non-systematic review of the most recent literature on axillary block of the brachial plexus using ultrasound and peripheral nerve stimulation. A search for a non-systematic review was conducted in the Cochrane, Pubmed/Medline, Embase and OVID databases. The axillary block of the brachial plexus is an anaesthetic and analgesic technique for upper limb surgery that has a high percentage of success, with a low degree of difficulty for the procedure. El bloqueo axilar del plexo braquial es un bloqueo anestésico ampliamente utilizado como técnica anestésica y analgésica en cirugía de miembro superior, específicamente para mano, muñeca y antebrazo. El uso de neuroestimulador y ultrasonido ha aumentado la tasa de éxito de éste bloqueo. El presente artículo hace una revisión no sistemática de la literatura más reciente relacionada con el bloqueo axilar del plexo braquial utilizando ultrasonido y estimulación de nervio periférico. Se hizo una búsqueda en las bases de datos de Cochrane, Pubmed/Medline, Embase y OVID para la realización de una revisión no sistemática. El bloqueo del plexo braquial a nivel axilar es una técnica anestésica y analgésica para cirugía de miembro superior con alto porcentaje de éxito y bajo grado de dificultad en cuanto a realización del procedimiento.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.017 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.007 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".