Bibliographic record
Abstract
Zusammenfassung VII Genen liegt, die die Immunantwort regulieren.Diese Ergebnisse stützen die Hypothese, dass atopische Dermatitis durch Defekte in der natürlichen Hautbarriere und der Immunregulation verursacht wird.Allerdings sind weitere Untersuchungen erforderlich um die ursächlichen Varianten an diesen Loci zu identizieren und den Mechanismus zu verstehen, durch den atopische Dermatitis hervorgerufen wird.VII Regionale und sozio-ökonomische Unterschiede in der Ernährung von Kindern im Schulalter wurden in der vierten Publikation untersucht.Ein höherer Grad elterlicher Bildung war mit einem höheren Konsum gesunder Nahrungsmittel, wie Brot, Butter, Eier, Nudeln, Gemüse/Salat und Obst und einer niedrigeren Aufnahme von Margarine, Fleischprodukten, Pizza, Nachspeise und Limonaden assoziiert.Auÿerdem wurden grundsätzliche Unterschiede in der Ernährung zwischen Ost-und Westdeutschland beobachtet.In der fünften Publikation wird der Zusammenhang zwischen Lipiden und Varianten des FADS Genclusters untersucht.Kinder, die homozygot das seltene Allel tragen, hatten im Vergleich zu Kindern, die das häuge Allel homozygot tragen, niedriger Cholesterinwerte und LDL-Konzentration.Träger des homozygoten Allels zeigten, im Vergleich zu Kindern, die das häuge Allel homozygot tragen, niedrigere HDL-Werte und höhere Triglyzeridwerte.Zusätzlich wurde der Einuss der n-3 Fettsäurenaufnahme geprüft.Eine höhere n-3 Fettsäurenaufnahme war assoziiert mit einer höheren Cholesterin-, LDL-und HDL-Konzentration und niedrigeren Triglyzeridwerten.Es wurde allerdings keine Interaktion mit dem FADS Genotyp beobachtet.Diese Ergebnisse lassen auf einen Zusammenhang zwischen FADS Gencluster, Fettsäurenaufnahme und allergischen Erkrankungen oder Lipiden bei Kindern schlieÿen.Dadurch wird die Hypothese gestützt, dass ein kausaler Zusammenhang zwischen Fettsäurenaufnahme aus der Nahrung und atopischen Erkrankungen bei Kindern besteht.Dies könnte helfen, den komplexen Zusammenhang zwischen allergischer Inammation und Fettsäuren zu verstehen.VIII 2 Specic Aims and Results 2 Specic Aims and Results Specic AimsThe aim of this thesis was to investigate the association between dietary intake, FADS variants and atopic phenotypes or lipids in children.The main objectives were• to assess the inuence of FADS1 FADS2 gene cluster polymorphisms on the association between dietary fatty acid intake and atopic diseases and allergic sensitization.• to evaluate the impact of FADS1 FADS2 gene cluster polymorphisms on the association between breastfeeding and asthma.• to identify new risk loci for atopic dermatitis in a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies.• to describe regional dierences between eastern and western Germany with regard to food, nutrient and supplement intake in children, and analyze the association with parental education and equivalent income.• to investigate whether lipid levels are inuenced by the FADS genotype already in children and whether this association interacts with dietary intake of n-3 fatty acids.This thesis is based on ve manuscripts, which are published in Clinical & Experimental Allergy, Allergy the European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Nature Genetics, Public Health Nutrition and PLoS ONE.For all publications, I am the rst, or shared rst author.I was signicantly involved in developing the research question, study design, performed the statistical analyses and interpreted the results.All comments and suggestions from the co-authors were included in the nalized version.2 Specic Aims and Results 1997 and 1999 in Munich, Leipzig, Wesel and Bad Honnef.The participants were not pre-selected based on family history of allergic diseases 45 .Detailed descriptions of the LISAplus and GINIplus studies have been published elsewhere ( 44 and 45 , respectively). The Food Frequency QuestionnaireA food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was developed to measure children's usual food and nutrient intake over the past 12 months, and more specically to estimate energy, fatty acid and antioxidant intake at 10 years of age.The FFQ comprised a list of 82 food items accompanied by several questions about the preferred fat and energy content of products, preparation methods, diets and food preferences, buying habits and dietary supplement use.The consumption frequencies and portion size estimates were converted to average consumption in grams per day and linked to the German Nutrient Data Base (BLS) version II.3.1 46 .The design of the FFQ, including the selection of the food item list, validation, and the calculation of food and nutrient intake is described further by Stiegler et al.47 .Information obtained by FFQ was used for the rst, second, fourth and fth manuscript. Tested Variants of the FADS Gene ClusterSix SNPs of the FADS1 FADS2 gene cluster (rs174545, rs174546, rs174556, rs174561, rs174575 and rs3834458) were typed.Five of these variants (rs174545, rs174546, rs174556, rs174561 and rs3834458) were selected based on the previous publications in adult populations 29,48 .Moreover, the SNP rs174575 was included in order to obtain a better coverage of the FADS gene cluster.This SNP was selected based on a previous publication in children 49 . MethodsUp to now, the association between dietary fatty acid intake and the development of atopic diseases has been inconsistent
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".