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Estimates of Global Bilateral Migration Flows by Gender between 1960 and 2015<sup>1</sup>
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Bibliographic record
VenueInternational Migration Review · 2017
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicHuman Mobility and Location-Based Analysis
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersNational Heart, Lung, and Blood InstituteUniversité de LimogesDipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Milano-BicoccaBiomedical Research CouncilErasmus Universitair Medisch Centrum RotterdamResearch Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIMedical Research CouncilWeill Cornell Medicine - QatarWeill Cornell Medical CollegeCollege of Engineering, Michigan State UniversityCenters for Disease Control and PreventionUniwersytet OpolskiUniversidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y AmbientalesDebre Tabor UniversityDonau-Universität KremsUniversitair Ziekenhuis AntwerpenAlfaisal UniversityMoscow Institute of Physics and TechnologyLaboratório Associado para a Química VerdeMuhimbili University of Health and Allied SciencesPublic Health Foundation of IndiaApplied Molecular Biosciences UnitMinistry of Health of the Russian FederationInjury Prevention Research CenterHáskólinn í ReykjavíkUniversity of OxfordMenzies Health Institute QueenslandKurdistan University Of Medical SciencesUniversità degli Studi di GenovaSavitribai Phule Pune UniversityUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulUniversity of ColomboHawassa UniversityUniversity of PeradeniyaXiamen UniversityUniversity of GondarWestern Sydney UniversityTartu ÜlikoolUniversidad de la República UruguayUniversità degli Studi di MilanoPomorski Uniwersytet Medyczny W SzczecinieUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisUniversidad de ExtremaduraUniversity of New South WalesKermanshah University of Medical SciencesUniversidad del ValleUniversità degli Studi di SalernoUniversidade do PortoUniversity of TsukubaSouthern University of Science and TechnologyIslamic Azad UniversityInternational Medical UniversityAristotle University of ThessalonikiHospital for Sick ChildrenBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesUniversitat de BarcelonaUniversity of Health and Allied SciencesUniversidade de LisboaGöteborgs UniversitetUniversity of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation SciencesFundação Oswaldo CruzUniversidad de Costa RicaNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensBirjand University of Medical SciencesQazvin University of Medical SciencesGuilan University of Medical SciencesUniversitair Medisch Centrum GroningenGriffith UniversityAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesUniversity of OttawaSichuan UniversityChinese University of Hong KongUniversity of California, San DiegoVital StrategiesHamadan University of Medical SciencesUniversiti Sains MalaysiaMekelle UniversityUniversiteit StellenboschChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionTabriz University of Medical SciencesUniversidad Autónoma MetropolitanaSeoul National University HospitalShiraz University of Medical SciencesUniversità degli Studi di FirenzeKarolinska InstitutetKing Khalid UniversityUniversiti MalayaIsfahan University of Medical SciencesMinistry of Health and Medical EducationKarl-Franzens-Universität GrazUniversitat de ValènciaHebrew University of JerusalemGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenCase Western Reserve UniversityFudan UniversityKyung Hee UniversityTarbiat Modares UniversityHacettepe ÜniversitesiU.S. Department of Veterans AffairsKosin UniversitySun Yat-sen UniversityNorth-West UniversitySimmons CollegeJordan University of Science and TechnologyChest Research FoundationKing Saud UniversityInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, BangladeshWashington University in St. LouisMonash UniversityUniversity of WashingtonRijksuniversiteit GroningenShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesGolestan University of Medical SciencesUniverzita Komenského v BratislaveCardiff UniversityIndian Council of Medical ResearchUniversity College LondonUniversity of SouthamptonLomonosov Moscow State UniversityUniversity of QueenslandNational Institute for Health and Care ResearchWellcome TrustKorea UniversityCochrane South AfricaPublic Health EnglandImperial College LondonUniversity of TorontoUniversity of LouisvilleNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaSanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical SciencesUniversity of CanberraUniversity of NamibiaMaragheh University of Medical SciencesBrien Holden Vision InstituteKrishna Institute Of Medical Sciences Deemed To Be UniversityDirectorate for Biological SciencesDebre Markos UniversityPolitechnika CzestochowskaBundesministerium für GesundheitSouth African Medical Research CouncilUniversity of PittsburghTribhuvan UniversityNIHR Oxford Biomedical Research CentreUniversität UlmChalmers Tekniska HögskolaBournemouth UniversityLoma Linda UniversityUniversity of EmbuTaipei Medical UniversityUniversity College CorkUniversity of RwandaTrường Đại học Nguyễn Tất ThànhCentral University of Tamil NaduQueensland Brain InstituteNewcastle UniversityUniversitas Negeri SemarangUniversity of TabrizAhmadu Bello UniversityYonsei UniversityBirzeit UniversityFriedrich-Schiller-Universität JenaBill and Melinda Gates FoundationDuke Kunshan UniversityRede de Química e TecnologiaTulane UniversityArak University of Medical SciencesOhio State UniversityUniversity of WarwickJohns Hopkins UniversityNational Center for Global Health and MedicineCentral South UniversitySeattle Children's Research InstituteUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignArabian Gulf UniversitySeoul National UniversityUniversity of Massachusetts BostonSamara UniversityNational Cerebral and Cardiovascular CenterUniversity of the PunjabUniversidade Federal de Santa CatarinaNational Health Research InstitutesUniversity of West FloridaMcMaster UniversityNew York University Abu DhabiUniversity of GlasgowUniversity of Technology SydneyYork UniversityUniversity of California, IrvineSveučilište u ZagrebuUniversitetet i OsloShiraz UniversitySree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and TechnologyLawson Health Research InstituteSyddansk UniversitetDeutsches KrebsforschungszentrumStudent Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesFrankfurt University of Applied SciencesArizona State UniversityWest Virginia UniversityUniversity of Cape TownUniversidad de ChileAarhus UniversitetTeikyo University School of MedicineUniversity of the Western CapeUniversity of MemphisNational Taiwan UniversityUniversity of OklahomaMichigan State UniversityAksum UniversityUniversity of HaifaUniversity of HullFaculty of Medicine and Health, University of SydneyUniversiti Brunei DarussalamMedizinische Universität GrazNational Center for Child Health and DevelopmentDurban University of TechnologyHamad Medical CorporationStrongOklahoma State UniversityAustralian Catholic UniversityAn-Najah National UniversityAlborz University of Medical SciencesUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaNorthwestern UniversityDeakin UniversityDelhi Technological UniversityHelsingin YliopistoNorwegian Institute of Public HealthUnited Nations Population FundNational Institutes of HealthBanaras Hindu UniversityWayne State University
KeywordsStock (firearms)EstimationDemographic economicsPopulationGeographyEconometricsEconomicsDemographySociology
Abstract
An indirect estimation method is used to derive country to country migration flows from changes in global bilateral stock data. Estimates are obtained over five- and 10-year periods between 1960 and 2015 by gender, providing a comprehensive picture of past migration patterns. The estimated total of global international migrant flows generally increases over the 55-year time frame. The global rate of migration over five- and 10-year periods fluctuate at around 0.65 and 1.25 percent of the population, respectively. The sensitivity of estimates to alternative input stock and demographic data are explored.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.600
Threshold uncertainty score0.994
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.036
GPT teacher head0.374
Teacher spread0.338 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itQuick stats
Citations85
Published2017
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes