Murine CD1d‐restricted gamma‐delta T cells respond to cardiolipin
Bibliographic record
Abstract
CD1d recognizes both microbial and self‐antigens, but the nature of the endogenous lipids bound by CD1d remains poorly elucidated. Cardiolipin (CL) is a major phospholipid component of bacteria that have been shown to trigger strong CD1d‐restricted responses. CL is also present in mammalian cells, but normally hidden from the immune system because of its location in the mitochondrial inner membrane. Based on growing evidence that CD1‐restricted T cells recognize phospholipids, we hypothesized that T cells in the normal immune repertoire respond to CL. Splenocytes, or liver‐derived lymphocytes, from C57BL/6 mice were incubated with bovine heart CL or control phospholipids. Proliferation occurred exclusively with CL, in a dose‐dependent manner, and was greatest in liver‐derived cells. CL‐dependent T cell stimulation was abrogated by monoclonal anti‐CD1 antibody, but was unaffected by antibody against MHC I or II. Furthermore, CL‐dependent T cell stimulation was undetectable in cells isolated from CD1d‐deficient mice. Using flow cytometry, CL‐responsive cells were shown to express gamma‐delta T cell receptor (TCR) and to produce interferon‐gamma. These findings demonstrate that a subset of CD1d‐restricted gamma‐delta T cells responsive to CL exists in the liver of healthy mice, and suggest that these cells could play a role in T cell responses to bacteria and, potentially, to self‐CL. Supported by CIHR (JR).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".