Development of Epoxy Foaming with CO<sub>2</sub> as Latent Blowing Agent and Principle in Selection of Amine Curing Agent
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Some commercially available amines used as curing agents for epoxy resins can capture CO 2 to form ammonium carbamates, which represent a novel type of latent blowing and curing agent for epoxy foaming. The principles in the selection of suitable amines are critical for final applications. This work aimed to reveal these principles by screening and comparing the preparation, chemical structure and composition, and curing and foaming performance of several types of ammonium carbamates from typical amine curing agents. It is found that amines with p K a >9 are eligible to react with CO 2 to form ammonium carbamates with a high yield. Furthermore, the amines should have rigid cyclic groups in their structures to form a solid ammonium carbamate powder, which can be easily mixed with epoxy resins. The curing rate of the amine should not be much faster than the decomposition of the carbamate to obtain epoxy foams with good pore morphology and mechanical performance.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".