Abstract 2646: Haptoglobin 2 Allele Associates with Symptomatic Carotid Stenosis and Major Cardiovascular Events
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objectives: Haptoglobin (Hp) is a plasma protein which binds free hemoglobin (Hb) protecting tissues from iron-induced oxidative damage and promoting Hb clearance via macrophage CD163 receptor. There are two common alleles for Hp (Hp 1 and Hp 2), which influence it’s capacity to bind Hb and induce downstream signaling via CD163+ macrophages. We have previously shown that the CD163-heme oxygenase-1 (HO1) pathway is upregulated in symptomatic carotid stenosis (CS) and other groups have associated the Hp 2-2 genotype with cardiovascular complications in diabetics. Here, our objective was to study whether Hp polymorphism influences the risk of symptomatic CS and major cardiovascular events in the general population. Methods: We genotyped Hp polymorphism in 90 patients with a high-grade CS (≥ 70%) from Helsinki Carotid Endarterectomy Study (HeCES) and in 1426 individuals with carotid ultrasound examination data from the Health 2000 Survey, an epidemiological cross-sectional health survey carried out in Finland in the year 2000. Results: In the Health 2000 population, the Hp genotype frequencies were 0.170 (Hp 1-1), 0.445 (Hp 1-2) and 0.386 (Hp 2-2) consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and with those reported from caucasian populations. In the CS patients, the genotype frequencies were skewed towards the Hp 2-2 genotype but not significantly. However, among the patients with symptomatic CS (ipsilateral TIA or stroke), the frequency of Hp 2-2 genotype was significantly higher than in the control population (0.528 vs 0.386, P =0.044). Hp genotypes correlated with HO1 protein expression in the plaque (r=0.46, P = 0.038) but not with iron. In the Health 2000 population, Hp 2 allele was associated with an increased risk of major cardiovascular events (major coronary heart disease event, ischemic stroke or TIA; 13.3% vs 8.3, P =0.032) and the increased risk was present regardless of diabetes. Hp 2 allele was not associated with carotid IMT or presence of plaques. Conclusions: Hp 2 allele associates with the risk of symptomatic CS and major ischemic cardiovascular events. This is likely due to the defective ability of Hp 2 to block oxidative reactions mediated by iron/heme, to clear free Hb present in intraplaque hemorrhages as well as the effects of the Hb-Hp 2 complex on intracellular signaling cascades via the CD163 receptor.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it