Effect of Doping and Preparation Methods in Solid Electrolyte for Lithium Batteries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Recently, solid electrolytes with reasonable room temperature lithium ionic conductivity are being examined for high energy density batteries with safe operation. Several solid state electrolytes based on sulfides and oxides have been investigated [1]. Among them, Garnet phase materials have shown significant improvement in conductivity [2]. Garnet has cubic and tetragonal phases of which the cubic is high temperature with a high ionic conductivity value of 10-4 S/cm [3]. Several doped compositions have also been reported in order to improve the cubic phase ionic conductivity [4]. LLTO Perovskite system has also been reported for high ionic conductivity value of 10-4 S/cm [5,6]. Currently, we have synthesized a Ti, Cr, Ta doped Li7La3Zr2O12and LLTO by a simple Pechini process to investigate their ionic conductivities. A Pechini method was used to synthesize these compoundsusing nitrate salts, ethylene glycol and citric acid in a 38:36:26 ratio respectively in de-ionized water. The samples were dried in an oven overnight at 120°C and then heat-treated at different temperatures to achieve the desired phases. The optimized product was heat treated at 1000°C for six hours, pelletized and then sintered again at higher temperatures (1200°C) to perform the ionic conductivity measurements using impedance spectroscopy. Samples were characterized by XRD for phase analysis and electrochemical impedance performance has been investigated under varying temperatures and voltages. The effect of doping on the phase transition in LLZO and LLTO will be presented. Figure 1 shows the impedance plot for the Ta doped garnet (Li7La3Zr1.5Ta.0.5O12) at room temperature. Ionic conductivity value of 1.27(x10-4) S/cm has been obtained. Detailed impedance measurements on systematic doping of Ti, Cr, Ta etc. in LLZO and LLTO phases using various sample preparation conditions, various ohmic contacts for the pellets will be discussed. Figure. 1 Impedance plot for Li7La3Zr1.5Ta0.5O12 at room temperature. Acknowledgements This work has been supported by the US Dept. of Energy/NETL, EERE program. FRB acknowledges Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) fellowship. References [1] J.W. Fergus, Journal of Power Sources, 195 (2010) 4554-4569. [2] E. Rangasamy, J. Wolfenstine, J. Sakamoto, Solid State Ionics 206 (2012) 28-32. [3] I. Kokal, M. Somer, P.H.L. Notten, H.T. Hintzen, Solid State Ionics 185 (2011) 42-46. [4] Y. Jin, P.J. McGinn, Journal of Power Sources 196 (2011) 8683-8687. [5] B. Antoniassi, A. H. M Gonzalez, S. L. Fernades, C. F. O. Graeff, Materials Chemistry and Physics 2011, 127, 51. [6] O. Bohnke, Q.N. Pham, A. Boulant, J. Emery, T. Salkus, M. Barre, Solid State Ionics 2011, 188, 144.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".