Pharmacogenetic studies of methotrexate and metafolin in a mouse model of severe and mild 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a critical enzyme in folate metabolism. Severe enzymatic deficiency results in metabolic disease with occasional early demise. Mild deficiency is due to a common polymorphism (A222V) which increases risk for several common disorders. Pharmacogenetic studies of the antifolate methotrexate on Mthfr heterozygous knockout mice (Mthfr +/-), a model of the mild human deficiency, revealed significantly higher apoptosis rates in several tissues compared to wildtype mice (Mthfr +/+). These results suggest that mild MTHFR deficiency is a risk factor for methotrexate toxicity in mice and possibly in humans. A new medication, metafolin, was administered to Mthfr +/- mothers to assess survival of their Mthfr -/- pups. Survival rate of pups at 5 weeks of age from treated mothers was significantly higher than that from untreated mothers (54% versus 20%). The results of this study suggest that metafolin could be useful for treatment of severe MTHFR deficiency in humans.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".