Bibliographic record
Abstract
Despite decades of 'development', hunger and poverty persist in rural areas around the world. With the implementation of structural adjustment programs, regional trade agreements and the World Trade Organization (WTO) agreements, rural landscapes everywhere are undergoing rapid change. National governments are restructuring agricultural policies to facilitate greater integration into an international market-driven economy. Concerted attempts to exclude peasants and small-scale farming peoples interests in decision-making and rural policy development have been accompanied by the formation of an international peasant and farm movement, the Via Campesina, which emerged in 1993. This dissertation examines the response of peasant and farm organizations to the increased globalization of a 'modem', industrial and neoliberal model of agriculture by analyzing the formation, consolidation and functioning of the Via Campesina. To date, studies of transnational anti-globalization movements have virtually ignored agrarian activism. Yet, in many countries peasants and farmers have been at the forefront of national struggles against globalization and through the Via Campesina peasant-based resistance has now moved beyond national borders. At the international level peasants and farmers are now leading the way by introducing new concepts like food sovereignty. They are also using the most powerful tools available to social movements - that of non-participation and delegitimization. The Via Campesina is using three traditional weapons of the weak - organization, cooperation and community to redefine rural development and to build an alternative model for rural communities, one that is based on social justice, gender equality and environmental sustainability. Using an analysis of Via Campesina conference proceedings, minutes of the meetings of the Women's Commission and the International Coordination Commission of the Via Campesina, participant observation in numerous Via Campesina events, interviews with key farm leaders, and field work conducted in Mexico, Canada and India, this study explores the main issues, positions, strategies and collective actions of the Via Campesina. In doing so it provides insights into the nature and extent of current agrarian activism.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.014 | 0.012 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".