Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Layered, Double‐Hydroxide‐Based Materials and Their Applications in Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) consist of brucite‐like layers containing hydroxides of two or more different kinds of metal cations. These positively charged layers are neutralized by exchangeable anions in the interlayer galleries. LDH‐based materials have substantial potential in efficient energy (e.g., H 2 , O 2 ) generation. Over the last few decades, tremendous progress has been made toward developing LDH‐based materials for H 2 and O 2 evolution, for which the performance of LDH‐based materials is closely related to the synthesis method. This minireview initially outlines the recent advances in the synthesis of LDH‐based materials. The advantages and challenges of the protocols in tuning the properties of the material are also discussed and highlighted. The application section concentrates on the most recent progress in photocatalytic H 2 generation and photocatalytic and electrocatalytic O 2 evolution. By taking advantage of the flexible tunability and uniform distribution of metal cations in the brucite‐like layers or the intercalated anions in the interlayer space, LDH‐based materials exhibit attractive properties in the generation of H 2 and O 2 with advantages such as improved light absorption, enhanced charge separation, better electron transfer, promoted electrode reaction kinetics, and high durability.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it