Geotechnical properties of centrifuged oil sand fine tailings
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to determine the geotechnical properties of centrifuged oil sand fine tailings for surface deposition. A material with 60% solids (e = 1·5) was obtained using a bench-scale centrifuge. The fine-grained material (52% clay fraction) with a moderate water adsorption capacity (w l = 40% and w p = 20%) indicated an air entry value of 1000 kPa and a residual suction of 30 000 kPa. The correct way of representing the soil water characteristic curve for tailings was found to be the one based on degree of saturation along with simultaneous volume change measurements. The tailings mainly dewatered during normal shrinkage while remaining saturated whereas volume reduction was negligible beyond the shrinkage limit. Likewise, dewatering under an effective stress of 160 kPa was found to be 67% along with a compression index of 0·36. The saturated hydraulic conductivity measured 3 × 10−10 m/s that decreased marginally during consolidation and rapidly (10−10 to 10−18 m/s) due to suction application.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".