Bibliographic record
Abstract
In all mammals, the bond between mother and daughter is tight at birth, with the infant staying close to her parent for support and comfort as well as for milk. As the youngster grows, however, she becomes increasingly independent. This shift has been documented for Soay sheep living on the Scottish island of St. Kilda (Clutton-Brock et al ., 2004). They are free-ranging and thought to be intermediate in type between wild sheep and domestic sheep; the latter have had their social instincts bred out of them to some extent so that they will perceive a shepherd as their leader rather than an elderly ewe (Darling, 1969). Although they seldom interact with their mother, Soay juvenile and yearling daughters usually graze within 20 meters (22 yd) of her as their mutual bond weakens (Clutton-Brock et al ., 2004). (The bond between mother and son dissolves much faster, with the lamb on his own by six months of age.) By the time the daughter is about two years old, this friendship is gone, too. She is no more likely to associate with her mother than with any other female in their group. From a human point of view, it is nice to know that the mother likely will, by that time, have another young offspring at heel. In other species such as those described as follows (chimpanzees, gorillas, baboons, Japanese monkeys, and ring-tailed lemurs), some daughters remain close to their mothers when they reach maturity, continuing to interact with her in a variety of ways. These species are all primates. Presumably other species have close mother–adult daughter ties, too, but research has not focused on this possibility.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.038 | 0.021 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".