110. Method for Estimation of the Delivery of Sediments and Solutes from Greenland to the Ocean
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Greenland is the largest island in the world, with an area 2 415 100 km and a smoothed coastline length of 7500 km, bordering the Atlantic Ocean, the Arctic Ocean and the sea between west Greenland and Canada. Very few gauging stations at which discharge is measured are located in this huge area, and the dissolved and sediment load are monitored at even fewer stations. Estimating the supply of sediment and solutes to the surround ing seas is therefore in reality a case of estimating loads from an ungauged area. This presentation discusses methods for estimation, and presents prelim inary estimates of loads. BACKGROUND AND SCOPE Greenland stretches from 60 to 84°N, with an area of 2 415 100 km2, of which 75% is covered by the Greenland Ice Sheet. Around the Greenland Ice Sheet, a narrow band of land is found with a width that reaches up to approximately 200 km. In several places, ice lobes from the Greenland Ice Sheet reach the open sea directly, whereas in other places the ice lobes emerge in the inner parts of fiords with longer distances to the open sea. Several local glaciers are located in this band of land, which in some places discharge directly into the sea and in others discharge into fiords or shallow coastal waters. The part of the land not covered by glaciers drains into the sea through rivers. Due to its northern location and the presence of the Greenland Ice Sheet, Greenland suffers from an arctic to high arctic climate. The annual average tempera ture is 2°C at Narsarsuaq (in the south) and -17°C at Station Nord (in the north). The annual temperature amplitude varies between 15 and 33°C. The annual precipitation varies from 1000 to 3000 mm along the south and southeast coast, down to 100-200 mm in the northern part. Most of the precipitation falls as snow. As a consequence of the climate, strong mechanical weathering takes place, together with periglacial processes and glacial erosion. The river regime is glacio-nival, with a flood period during the spring.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.020 | 0.016 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".