A Study of the Regulatory Policies and Patentability of Modern Chimeras
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The chimera of ancient Greek mythology was a fire-breathing beast with a lion's head, goat's body, and dragon's tail. It was once merely the fantastic creations of science fiction, however, rapid advances in stem cell research and cloning which create ”modern chimeras,” have resulted in the blurring of species lines, including our own species, homo sapiens. In light of the fast-developing biotechnology and its foreseeable impacts, we should commence to regulate such modern chimeras in a comprehensive manner, especially when we had strategically embraced biotechnology, declaring it to be one of Taiwan's major industries for the years to come. To analyze modern chimeras, an issue deriving from general biotechnology arena would be feasible to start with, i.e., what are the ethical considerations to the existence of modern chimeras. Then, the underlying philosophical doctrines should be reviewed to appreciate why countries in the world set forth various policies to deal with these chimeras, without moving any closer to a harmonization. Further, issues as to how legislation and judicial system should react to these problems are to be studied, such that a tentatively regulatory framework may be envisioned. Finally, how patent law should regulate these chimeras is nevertheless a very important issue as well. And, the scope of discussing in this issue is focused on its patentability. This article seeks to address a clear ethical principle and sources of legal powers should be established to set forth necessary regulatory policies, and based on that, a suggestion of modifying the Patent Law to meet the demand from various communities in our country. In this article, Part II provides an overview of stem cell biology, wherein the status of stem cell research and the creation of modern chimeras are introduced. Part Ⅲ identifies the debate over modern chimeras in the context of ethical, philosophical and legal arguments. Part Ⅳ comparatively studies the regulatory policies of modern chimeras in the United States and Canada. Part Ⅴ analyzes the patentability of modern chimeras in terms of the statutory subject matter, novelty, nonobviousness, utility, and disclosure. Finally, Part Ⅵ offers a conclusion.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.023 | 0.045 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.014 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.009 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".