Momordica charantia (bitter melon) improves hepatic insulin signaling
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Momordica charantia (bitter melon, BM) has traditionally been used in the treatment of diabetes and its complications. Insulin resistance is characterized by resistance to insulin‐stimulated glucose uptake, leading to enhanced very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion, and significant down‐regulation of hepatic insulin signaling as documented by attenuated phosphorylation of i54 nsulin receptor (IR), IR substrates (IRS‐1/IRS‐2) and PI3K, PKB/Akt. Our recent studies demonstrated that BM juice (BMJ) can significantly reduce apoB secretion, in human hepatoma cells, HepG2. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of BMJ on plasma apoB levels and hepatic insulin signaling cascade in mice fed high fat diet (HFD). Four to six weeks old female C57BL/6 mice were randomized into three groups of control, receiving regular rodent chow with 11 kcal% fat; high fat diet (HFD), receiving chow containing 58 kcal% fat; and HDF + 1.5% lyophilized BMJ. Our data indicates that BMJ lowers plasma apoB‐100 and apoB‐48 in HFD‐fed mice by improving the phosphorylation status of insulin receptor and its downstream signaling molecules. Investigating the mechanisms mediated by BMJ to ameliorate diabetic dyslipidemia may lead to identification of new molecular targets for dietary therapies. [Grant support by RCMI, NIH/NCRR, G12RR00361; Hawaii Community Foundation, 20041652 and NIH/NCCAM 1R21AT003719‐01A1].
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".