Bibliographic record
Abstract
Problem-solving environments (PSEs) offer a powerful yet flexible and convenient means for general experimentation with computational methods, algorithm prototyping, and visualization and manipulation of data. Consequently, PSEs have become the modus operandi of many computational scientists and engineers. However, despite these positive aspects, PSEs typically do not offer the level of granularity required by the specialist or algorithm designer to conveniently modify the details. In other words, the level at which PSEs are black boxes is often still too high for someone interested in modifying an algorithm as opposed to trying an alternative. In this article, we describe odeToJava, a Java-based PSE for initial-value problems in ordinary differential equations. odeToJava implements explicit and linearly implicit implicit-explicit Runge--Kutta methods with error and stepsize control and intra-step interpolation (dense output), giving the user control and flexibility over the implementational aspects of these methods. We illustrate the usage and functionality of odeToJava by means of computational case studies of initial-value problems (IVPs).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.092 | 0.061 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".