Suspended solids in an end pit lake: potential mixing mechanisms
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The production of crude oil from the Canadian oil sands has generated tailings ponds that contain oil sands process-affected water and oil sands fluid fine tailings (FFT). One remediation strategy is to backfill a mined out pit with FFT and cap this with a mix of oil sands process-affected water and fresh water to form a lake, called an end pit lake. Here we discuss various mechanisms governing the vertical mixing of suspended solids in an end pit lake. Depending on the depth of the water cap, wind waves can cause mixing between the water cap and the FFT. Other potential mixing mechanisms include: convection due to salt-water exclusion during ice formation, penetrative convection due to surface cooling, gas emission from the FFT, and internal wave activity. Data collected at Syncrude Canada Limited’s Base Mine Lake in 2013 and 2014 are used to demonstrate the effects of some of these processes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".