Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper we present depth profiles of selected transition metals and major constituents in four sediment cores recovered from the Ala Wai Canal, a small drainage estuary in Honolulu, Hawai'i. Our study documents the advent, increase in use, and subsequent phasing out of Pb-alkyl fuel additives in Honolulu over the past 60 yr. Sedimentary Pb concentrations increase from < 10 ppm in the oldest (deepest) portions of the cores to a maximum of about 750 ppm in sediments corresponding to the mid-1970s; subsequently Pb contents decrease to a range of 100-300 ppm in the most recent deposits. Other metals, including Cd, Cu, and Zn, reveal patterns that are also consistent with an increasing flux of metals to the sediments attributable to anthropogenic inputs. However, unlike Pb, these metals do not exhibit clear maxima in sediments deposited during the mid-1970s. Rather, there appears to be a continued input of these metals from the watershed likely associated with ever-increasing anthropogenic activity in Honolulu. Approximately 25-75%, depending on the depth within the core, of the Cu and Zn contents of the sediments can be attributed to natural inputs of soils formed by weathering of the O'ahu volcanic edifices. Elements such as Co and Ni are found in concentration ranges consistent with the dominant mineralogy of the sediments and do not appear to exhibit an anthropogenic signal.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.006 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.986 | 0.988 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; the direct Gemma label and the distilled Codex classifier agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".