Jusqu?a quel point la frontiere entre le Canada et les Etats-Unis s?est-elle resserree? Le cout du passage de la frontiere par camion avant et apres le 11 septembre 2001
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Au lendemain des attentats du 11 septembre 2001, un nouveau regime de securite a ete impose a l?egard des echanges commerciaux par camion entre le Canada et les Etats Unis, ce qui souleve la question de savoir s?il y a eu un resserrement de la frontiere. Est ce que le cout du transport transfrontalier de biens par camion a augmente? Si tel est le cas, dans quelle mesure, et est ce que ce cout additionnel a subsiste? A partir de travaux anterieurs qui mesuraient le supplement supporte par les expediteurs pour le transport transfrontalier de biens par camion entre le Canada et les Etats Unis du milieu a la fin des annees 2000, la presente etude fait remonter la serie chronologique jusqu?en 1994, englobant ainsi a la fois la periode anterieure et la periode posterieure au 11 septembre.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.011 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.019 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".