Expression and localization of connexin 43 in glioblastoma
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The bystander effect is essential to the success of the Herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (TK)/gancyclovir (GCV) strategy for cancer therapy. It consists of the transfer of phosphorylated GCV from TK+ cells to neighbouring TK− cells via gap junctions made up of connexin molecules. Down‐regulation and/or perinuclear localization of connexins should decrease the efficacy of TK/GCV treatment. The status of Cx43, the connexin expressed in astrocytes, in glioblastoma is unclear. In this study we have evaluated Cx43 expression, localization and functionality in glioblastoma cell lines, biopsies and primary cell cultures. In three glioblastoma cell lines, Cx43 was the major connexin subtype, and accumulated mainly in a perinuclear location. Nevertheless, gap junction permeability was preserved and a strong bystander effect was seen. Cx43 expression was observed in 77% (57/74) of glioblastoma biopsies and seven of eight primary cell cultures derived from surgical resection. Four of seven cultures showed cytoplasmic localization of Cx43 with preservation of gap junction permeability. These results suggest that glioblastoma is a suitable candidate for the TK/GCV approach. Supported by the CTECM/FRSQ/CIHR.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".