Wideband complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor double‐bulk harmonic‐rejection mixer
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents the design and testing results of a complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor double‐bulk harmonic‐rejection (HR) mixer for wideband applications. An optimal gate‐source bias voltage in the sub‐threshold regime of the input transistor is found theoretically to achieve maxim HR by analysing the mixing mechanism of double‐bulk mixer; and a double‐bulk mixer has been designed and fabricated to verify the theoretical analysis. Test results substantiate the existence of the optimal bias point for HR of double‐bulk‐driven mixer when the sinusoidal local oscillator (LO) is applied. This simple but effective topology can achieve higher than 36, 44, 60 and 62 dB HR ratio for the third‐, fifth‐, seventh‐ and ninth‐order of LOs, respectively, over broadband. The double‐bulk mixer which input bandwidth is from 250 MHz to 3 GHz, including the buffer, consumes 5 mA current from 1 V power supply; the mixer core only consumes 1.5 mA current.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it