Hepatitis B virus hijacks CTHRC1 to evade host immunity and maintain replication
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection causes acute and chronic liver diseases, but is not directly cytopathic. Liver injury results from repeated attempts of the cellular immune response system to control the viral infection. Here, we investigate the roles of cellular factors and signaling pathways involved in the regulation of HBV replication to reveal the mechanism underlying HBV infection and pathogenesis. We show that collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (CTHRC1) expression is elevated in HBV-infected patients and in HBV-transfected cells through epigenetic modification and transcriptional regulation. CTHRC1 facilitates HBV replication in cultured cells and BALB/c mice by activating the PKCα/ERK/JNK/c-Jun cascade to repress the IFN/JAK/STAT pathway. HBV-activated CTHRC1 downregulates the activity of type I interferon (IFN), the production of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), and the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1/2 (STAT1/2), whereas it upregulates the phosphorylation and ubiquitination of type I IFN receptors (IFNARα/β). Thus, our results show that HBV uses a novel mechanism to hijack cellular factors and signal cascades in order to evade host antiviral immunity and maintain persistent infection. We also demonstrate that CTHRC1 has a novel role in viral infection.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it