Bedside Gastric Ultrasonography in Term Pregnant Women Before Elective Cesarean Delivery
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Bedside gastric ultrasound can reliably assess gastric contents in the perioperative period. We aimed to describe the qualitative and quantitative ultrasound assessment of the gastric antrum in fasted pregnant women at term. METHODS: Pregnant women were examined after a minimum period of overnight fasting (solid food, 6 hours; clear liquids, 2 hours) before their scheduled cesarean delivery. A standardized ultrasound examination of the gastric antrum was performed. Based on the qualitative assessment in the supine and right lateral decubitus positions, women were classified using a 3-point grading system (grade 0, no fluid; grade 1, fluid seen in right lateral decubitus position only; and grade 2, fluid seen in the both supine and right lateral decubitus positions). A quantitative assessment of the antral cross-sectional area (CSA) was performed using still images in the right lateral decubitus position. RESULTS: One hundred three women were included in the study; 53 of 103 exhibited grade 0 and 49 of 103 exhibited grade 1 antrum. One woman presented a grade 2 antrum (1/103 = 0.97%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.05%-6.06%). Overall, 95% of fasting subjects presented with an antral CSA ≤9.6 cm (95% CI, 8.6-10.3 cm) in the right lateral decubitus position (median [interquartile range] = 4.5 [3.2] cm), corresponding to an estimated gastric volume of ≤117 mL (95% CI, 108-127 mL) or ≤1.5 mL/kg (95% CI, 1.3-1.7 mL/kg). CONCLUSIONS: All women but one presented with antral CSA compatible with residual gastric fluid. The qualitative 3-point grading system may be used to assess individual risk of perioperative gastric content aspiration. Our results suggest that an antral CSA of 10.3 cm in the right lateral decubitus position more accurately describes the upper limit of normal findings in the fasted pregnant patient at term.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it