Neoliberalism as Shape-Shifter: The Case of Aboriginal Title and the Northern Gateway Pipeline
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Neoliberalism is a political economic ideology whose proponents adopt diverse project strategies to achieve similar goals. The Northern Gateway Pipeline proposal to carry bitumen from the oil sands in Alberta to the coast of British Columbia (BC) is one such project. Developing the concept of the “shape-shifter” employed by Aboriginal legal scholars, we highlight neoliberalism’s disruptive effects as it negotiates the province’s history of Aboriginal land claims. Proposed in 2010, the Northern Gateway project has been controversial, seemingly pitting environmentalists against developers. At the same time, recent court decisions have placed resource development inextricably in the context of Aboriginal title; governments are obliged to consult and accommodate affected First Nations. Responses to these requirements reveal neoliberal strategies that consistently aim to fix the landscape for the investment of capital but collide with an equally determined claim of Aboriginal sovereignty. Neoliberalism is a “shape-shifter” obscuring the unresolved question of Aboriginal title.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.040 | 0.037 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Research integrity | 0.008 | 0.008 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".