An introduced pathogenic yeast may have caused the crash of the Strait of Georgia Neocalanus plumchrus and Cherry Point herring
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Gardner observed that the Strait of Georgia (SOG) Neocalanus plumchrus population went into steep decline in 1971. He predicted decline in fish populations due to the greater energy needed to acquire nutrition from smaller copepods. The cause for the crash of the SOG N. plumchrus may have contributed to the initial steep decline in Cherry Point herring. A literature search may have revealed a cause. Failed attempts from the 1870s to the 1950s by the U.S. and Canada to introduce lobster to the Pacific Coast inspired the release of lobsters in 1965 into confined conditions in Fatty Basin on Vancouver Island where they could be studied. Departure Bay at Nanaimo also received caged lobsters. Only 96 of 184 adult lobsters purchased in 1965 survived a week in quarantine. Survivors were then shipped to the Nanaimo Biological Station. 22 lobsters were placed in cages in Fatty Basin and 16 lobsters in Departure Bay. 58 lobsters were held in tanks at the Biological Station and used to replace dead lobsters in the Departure Bay cages. 17 lobsters died in Departure Bay. Only 3 died in Fatty Basin. No dead caged lobsters could be assessed for disease due to a lack of preservation. 32 of the 58 lobsters held in tanks died. Diseases were thought to be enhanced by tank crowding. Each lobster had its claws immobilized with wooden plugs also encouraging infection. Seki and Hardon in 1969 looking for diseases introduced by lobsters found Metschnikowia sp. (yeast pathogen of crustaceans) on a Fatty Basin rock crab. Even though the yeast infects intramuscular tissue, only lobster carapaces had been sampled. They stated experimental lobsters may have been infected with Metschnikowia. Seki and Fulton in 1968 found 5% of copepods below 200 meters at Station 1 in the SOG to be infected with Metschnikowia. The sea floor was littered with N. plumchrus exoskeletons.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".