Role of the Metal‐Oxide Support in the Catalytic Activity of Pd Nanoparticles for Ethanol Electrooxidation in Alkaline Media
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The promotional role of oxide supports (CeO 2 , SnO 2 , TiO 2 ) on ethanol electrooxidation in alkaline media over Pd nanoparticles (NPs) is presented and compared to Pd on carbon. XPS revealed a shift to lower binding energy of the Pd 3d peak when Pd NPs were deposited on metal oxides, implying a charge transfer from the oxides to the Pd. The catalytic activity of the supported NPs for ethanol electrooxidation was assessed by using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The electrooxidation products were monitored in situ, using polarization modulation–infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM‐IRRAS), which revealed that the supports influence the selectivity of reactions on Pd. Pd/CeO 2 has superior selectivity towards breaking the C−C bond to produce CO 2 compared to the other three supports. Acetate, as a product, was evident on all of the catalysts, but at different ratios. Pd supported on metal oxides showed higher activity and, in particular, CeO 2 and SnO 2 stand out as the best supports.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it