Bibliographic record
Abstract
The European sovereign debt crisis entered into the stage of contagion in the late 2010 as it spread first from Greece to Ireland, and then to Portugal and Spain. The European sovereign debt crisis truly resulted from a combination of various factors, some as more precipitating causes while others as more fundamental or deep-rooted causes. They include easy credit expansion during the 2003-2007 period, the global financial crisis and subsequent global recession of 2008-2012, fiscal and trade imbalances of the European countries involved in the crisis, and inherent structural problem of the EMU. From the experience of the European sovereign debt crisis, we could confirm some early warning indicators of a crisis such growth of domestic private credit and public borrowing, worsening government balances as well as external balances. Long-term interest rate spreads and an increase in fees charged by investment banks for bond issuance would be precipitating or concurrent warning indicators for a crisis. Implication from the European sovereign debt crisis for the euro area or potential economic and financial integration of East Asia is not necessarily to disband, break up or abandon a monetary union. Instead, a better alternative is to remedy problems and shortcomings exposed by the current crisis and to move toward a deeper integration.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.011 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".