Intra-articular hip injections: is there a role for ultrasound?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Injection of medications such as corticosteroids, local anaesthetics and viscosupplements are becoming increasingly important means of diagnosis and local, targeted treatment of various hip pathologies, in particular, osteoarthritis.1 ,2 Obtaining needle access to the hip joint is challenging due to its deep anatomic location and proximity to neurovascular structures, and therefore, imaging guidance is often advocated. Fluoroscopy has been the traditional method of choice for needle placement; sonography offers additional benefits in visualisation of neurovascular structures, lack of ionising radiation, portability and possibly decreased cost. In the typical practitioner office setting, ultrasound-guided injection is the only alternative to landmark-guided injection. Comparisons of accuracy between these two methods, however, have not been directly evaluated. Hoeber et al ’s3 meta-analysis compares the accuracy of these two injection methods. Ultrasound-guided procedures have shown substantial growth in the last decade, increasing by 100.8% from 2004 to 2010, with non-radiologists accounting for 72.2% of this growth.4 Yet the …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.029 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.016 | 0.015 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".