Dendritic cell responses during acute infection with different strains of Toxoplasma gondii determine CD8+ T cell responses and parasite burden
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The intracellular protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii infects a wide range of mammalian hosts. Multiple strains, defined by genotype and virulence, exist in the natural pool of T. gondii isolates. Type I strains are lethal in the mouse model, while type II strains establish chronic infections. Protective immunity to all strains is cell‐mediated; however, there are marked differences in the immune response against a type I strain versus a type II strain. Transgenic parasites that express ovalbumin (OVA) were used to examine the phenotype of antigen‐specific CD8+ T cells and dendritic cells (DC) from mice infected with RH, a type I strain, or Prugniuad (Pru), a type II strain. Mice infected with RH failed to generate as many OVA‐specific CD8+ T cells as mice infected with Pru. RH‐infected mice also had fewer DC at the site of infection in the peritoneal cavity. Using mice expressing the simian diphtheria toxin receptor under the CD11c promoter, DC were depleted 24 hours prior to Pru infection to investigate the role of DC in the generation of CD8+ T cell responses. Pru‐infected, DC‐depleted mice failed to generate antigen‐specific CD8+ T cells, produced low levels of interferon‐γ, and had increased parasite burdens. These data are consistent with a model of immunity to T. gondii in which strain‐dependent DC responses shape the generation of antigen‐specific CD8+ T cells and determine parasite burden.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".