A post‐weaning Western‐style diet exacerbates early programming of cardiovascular disease in low birth weight Yucatan miniature pigs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We developed a Yucatan miniature pig model to study whether low birth weight increased the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) later in life. Runt piglets (<800g) (n=6) were paired with the largest same sex littermate (>1100g) (n=6) and fed milk replacer to 31 d‐old and then fed standard chow ad lib. At 9 mo, pigs were fitted with catheters for oral fat tolerance test, and blood pressure (BP) telemeter for continuous BP measurement. At necropsy, kidneys were removed and glomeruli counted. The results indicated early programming of CVD in the runts via nephrogenesis and altered lipid metabolism; runts had 43% less nephrons, higher BP, higher fasting plasma and 2.5x higher hepatic triglycerides (TG), and 25% slower postprandial TG clearance (P<0.05). We then sought to determine the impact of a chronic postnatal Western‐style diet on early programming of CVD. Another 6 pairs of runts and large siblings were weaned from milk replacer on to a diet that was high in fat, sugar, and salt. CVD markers were exacerbated by the Western‐style diet; diastolic BP (108 vs 96, P<0.05), and fasting TG were increased (~70%) by diet and remained higher in runts vs large (P<0.05). In summary, small birth weight leads to the development of risk factors for CVD, which is further exacerbated by a Western‐style diet. Thus, nutrition strategies throughout life are important for prevention and management of chronic diseases. (Support: CIHR, ILSI) Grant Funding Source CIHR, ILSI
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".