Development of a real-time hybrid testing method in a centrifuge
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a pioneering real-time hybrid testing method for geotechnical centrifuges. The method was used to investigate the behaviour of a jack-up leg reinstalled near an existing footprint, a problem that is highly non-linear, stress dependent and involves complex soil–structure interactions. By physically modelling only the footprint–leg interaction and numerically modelling the rest of the jack-up structure, the method enables a realistic account of all the parameters involved in the interaction, including the footprint geometry, soil heterogeneity and structural properties of the jack-up unit. The paper also details the three-degree-of-freedom actuators developed to model the interaction, which features controlled loads and motions along the vertical, horizontal and moment directions, and the real-time algorithm that bridges the physical and numerical models. The algorithm allows the stiffness on each axis to be varied. Testing performed at 1g and in the centrifuge, modelling jack-ups with different stiffness on the horizontal and moment axes, is presented to validate the apparatus and methodology. The hybrid apparatus and real-time testing method were found to produce much more realistic boundary constraints than previous fixed-system apparatuses, and this allowed the test results to be considerably more informative, accurate and useful.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".