Body Mass Index as an Indicator of Pulmonary Dysfunction in Patients With Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN: Prospective clinical study. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the factors correlated with pulmonary function in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients, and to determine the influence of body mass index (BMI) on the pulmonary function. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Impaired pulmonary function has been reported in patients with AIS. The factors reported to affect pulmonary function included the curve magnitude, location of the apex vertebrae, decrease in thoracic kyphosis, and the number of vertebrae involved. A low BMI has been well confirmed in AIS patients. However, the relationship between BMI and pulmonary function has never been investigated. METHODS: One hundred twenty female patients with a single thoracic curve were enrolled in this study. Pulmonary function test and radiographic examination were performed. Several radiographic parameters, including the curve magnitude, the curve type, location of the apical vertebra, the number of vertebrae involved, and the degree of thoracic kyphosis, were recorded. BMI was calculated according to the measurements of standing height and body weight. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to BMI, (group A >17.5 kg/cm and group B ≤17.5 kg/cm), and the pulmonary function was compared between the 2 groups with students t test. Partial correlation analysis and stepwise multiple regression analysis were used to assess the association between BMI and the results of the pulmonary function test. The receiver operating characteristics curve was created to identify the best dividing point for diagnostic variables. RESULTS: The average percentage of predicted vital capacity, forced vital capacity, and forced expiratory volume in 1 second was significantly decreased in patients with a lower BMI. A positive correlation was found between BMI and pulmonary function (r=0.41, P<0.001). The stepwise regression analysis showed that low BMI was significantly associated with pulmonary function impairment (R=0.206, P<0.001). According to the receiver operating characteristics curve, patients with a BMI <17.7 kg/cm are prone to have abnormal pulmonary function. CONCLUSIONS: BMI was found to be an important indicator for pulmonary function in AIS patients. The decreased BMI could explain approximately one-fifth of the variation in pulmonary impairment in AIS patients, which might shed some light on the rehabilitation of preoperative pulmonary function.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".