Long-term Neuropsychological Outcome after Childhood Cerebral Sinovenous Thrombosis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Clinical outcome from childhood cerebral sinovenous thrombosis (CSVT), particularly in younger children, is poor. Most studies report “general” neurological outcomes; few describe neuropsychological outcomes. Objectives: To study the spectrum of neuropsychological deficits following childhood CSVT. Methods: Retrospective analysis of neuropsychological testing (NPT) performed in children with CSVT from 1995-2011. NPT included IQ [Wechsler Intelligence Score for Children (WISC-IV), Wechsler Preschool & Primary Scale of intelligence (WPPSI-III)], executive function [Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF)] and attention [Test of everyday attention (Tea-Ch)]. Full scale IQ (FSIQ) included verbal comprehension (VCI), perceptual reasoning (PRI), working memory (WMI) and processing speed (PSI) index. Results: NPT [mean age: 5.4-years (neonatal CSVT), 8.5-years (non-neonatal CSVT)] was performed in 48/206 patients. Forty-one (34 males) were included [exclusions: cavernous sinus thrombosis (5), prematurity (1), co-existing arterial stroke (1)]. NPT revealed some abnormality in 87% [across one (29%)/multiple (58%) domains] compared to normative population. FSIQ was abnormal in 64% [VCI-69%, PRI-80%, WMI-71%, PSI-79%). FSIQ (p=0.026), VCI (p=0.608), PRI (p= 0.032), WMI (0.124) and PSI (p=0.007) scores were lower. No differences were seen in FSIQ between groups [neonates/non-neonates (p=0.827), single/multiple sinus thrombosis (p=0.2), present/absent parenchymal lesions (p=0.991)] except gender. Males had lower FSIQ (p=0.006) [PRI (p=0.004), WMI (p=0.002), PSI (p=0.002)], BRIEF [metacognition (p=0.061), executive composite (p=0.0950)] and Tea-Ch (p=0.046) scores. Conclusions: Many childhood CSVT survivors (males > females) have significant residual cognitive deficits detectable only by NPT on long-term follow-up. NPT is indicated for more accurate CSVT outcome assessment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".