Isoflurane abolishes purinergic receptor mediated restraint of skeletal muscle blood flow
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Blood pressure (BP) declines during isoflurane anesthesia. The decrease in BP has been partially attributed to an attenuation of alpha‐adrenergic receptor mediated vasoconstriction. The effect of isoflurane on non‐adrenergic receptor mediated vasoconstriction has not been investigated. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of isoflurane on purinergic receptor (P2X) mediated vasoconstriction in the skeletal muscle vasculature. The P2X receptor agonist α‐β‐methylene ATP (0.1 ug · ml · min −1 of hindlimb blood flow) and antagonist pyridoxal‐phosphate‐6‐azophenyl‐2′4′‐disulfonic acid (PPADS; 40 mg bolus) were infused into the hindlimb circulation in anesthetized (n=8) and conscious (n=8) canines instrumented with transit‐time flow probes on the external iliac arteries and an indwelling catheter in a branch of the femoral artery. Infusion of α‐β‐methylene ATP produced a similar vasoconstriction in conscious and anesthetized canines (54 ± 5 % vs. 45 ± 12 %; p > 0.05). P2X receptor blockade increased (P < 0.05) iliac vascular conductance by 117 ± 21 % in conscious dogs, whereas no increase (P > 0.05) in iliac vascular conductance was observed in anesthetized dogs (6 ± 17 %). These data demonstrate that P2X receptor mediated restraint of skeletal muscle blood flow is abolished by isoflurane anesthesia. Furthermore, the similar vascular response to infusion of exogenous P2X agonist suggests that the abolition of P2X mediated vasoconstriction is due to a change in muscle sympathetic nerve activity which effects neural ATP release. Supported by NHLBI and NSERC, Canada
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".