Efficacy and physical mode of action of fungicides against leather rot of strawberry and sensitivity of phytophthora cactorum isolates to azoxystrobin
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Efficacy and physical mode of action of azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, mefenoxam, and phosphorous acid (potassium phosphite) for control of strawberry leather rot, caused by Phytophthora cactorum, was evaluated on a commercial farm and under greenhouse conditions.In addition, the distribution of the sensitivity of P. cactorum isolates to azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin was determined under in vitro conditions.In field trials, foliar sprays of azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, and phosphorous acid were applied weekly from bloom through harvest, and mefenoxam was applied twice as a soil drench at early plant growth and at fruit set.All fungicide treatments had significantly less leather rot than the untreated control and there were no significant differences in leather rot incidence among any fungicide treatments during both years of testing.Results from these studies indicate that azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin provide excellent control of strawberry leather rot.To determine the physical mode of action of the previously mentioned fungicides, pre-and post-infection activity was determined under greenhouse conditions.Strawberry plants ('Honeoye') and attached fruits at the green to white stage of development were sprayed with fungicides at 2, 4 and 7 days before inoculation with a zoospore suspension or 13, 24, 36, and 48 hours after inoculation.Disease incidence was recorded at 6 days after inoculation.Azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin provided protectant activity for up to 7 days, but only slight curative activity when applied 13 hours after I am very grateful to my colleagues and friends, Mizuho Nita, Cristian Nava-Diaz and Santiago X. Mideros for their support, and advice.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it