Revision of the Palaearctic species of Eupelmus (Eupelmus) Dalman (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
One hundred-four extant species of Eupelmus Dalman (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae: Eupelminae) are recognized from the Palaearctic region, of which 76 species of E. (Eupelmus) are recognized following a revision of the Palaearctic fauna of the subgenus. The following 25 species are described as new: E. (Eupelmus) adustus Gibson & Fusu n. sp., E. (Eupelmus) angustifrons Gibson & Fusu n. sp., E. (Eupelmus) bicolor Gibson & Fusu n. sp., E. (Eupelmus) brachypterus Fusu & Gibson n. sp., E. (Eupelmus) brachystylus Gibson & Fusu n. sp., E. (Eupelmus) brachyurus Fusu & Gibson n. sp., E. (Eupelmus) fasciatus Gibson & Fusu n. sp., E. (Eupelmus) gelechiphagus Gibson & Fusu n. sp., E. (Eupelmus) hayei Gibson & Fusu n. sp., E. (Eupelmus) infimbriatus Gibson & Fusu n. sp., E. (Eupelmus) iris Fusu & Gibson n. sp., E. (Eupelmus) kamijoi Gibson & Fusu n. sp., E. (Eupelmus) lanceolatus Gibson & Fusu n. sp., E. (Eupelmus) luteipes Fusu & Gibson n. sp., E. (Eupelmus) magdalenae Fusu & Gibson n. sp., E. (Eupelmus) mehrnejadi Gibson & Fusu n. sp., E. (Eupelmus) melanostylus Gibson & Fusu n. sp., E. (Eupelmus) punctatifrons Fusu & Gibson n. sp., E. (Eupelmus) setosus Fusu & Gibson n. sp., E. (Eupelmus) tanystylus Gibson & Fusu n. sp., E. (Eupelmus) tetrazostus Gibson & Fusu n. sp., E. (Eupelmus) vanharteni Fusu & Gibson n. sp., E. (Eupelmus) weilli Fusu & Gibson n. sp., E. (Eupelmus) xenium Fusu & Gibson n. sp., and E. (Eupelmus) zebra Fusu & Gibson n. sp. Of previously described species of Eupelmus, 17 are newly assigned to E. (Eupelmus), 10 to E. (Episolindelia Girault), and 8 to E. (Macroneura Walker). Formally transferred to E. (Macroneura) from Macroneura are E. (M.) algiricus (Kalina 1981), E. (M.) coleophorae (Kalina 1981), E. (M.) impennis (Nikol'skaya 1952), E. (M.) longicornis (Kalina 1981), E. (M.) pleuratus (Kalina 1981) and E. (M.) sugonyaevi (Kalina 1981) n. combs. Eupelmus (Eupelmus) kalinai Gibson & Fusu n. name is given to replace E. (Eupelmus) algiricus Kalina 1988, a secondary homonym of E. (M.) algiricus (Kalina 1981). New synonyms proposed are Eupelmus scolyti Liao 1987 n. syn. under E. (Eupelmus) formosae Ashmead 1904, and Eupelmus nigricauda Nikol'skaya 1952 n. syn. under E. (Eupelmus) microzonus Förster 1860. Eupelmus gueneei Giraud 1870 and Eupelmus xambeui Giard 1900 are transferred to Arachnophaga (Parasolindenia Brues) as A. (P.) gueneei (Giraud) and A. (P.) xambeui (Giard) n. combs., and Eupelmus kim Nikol'skaya 1952 is transferred to Brasema Cameron as B. kim (Nikol'skaya) n. comb. Eupelmus puparum Newport 1840 is transferred to Pteromalus Swederus (Pteromalidae) as P. puparum (Newport) n. comb., a secondary homonym of P. puparum (Linnaeus 1758), and Ceraphron brachynterae Schwägrichen 1835 is removed from Eupelmus and Eupelmidae, and the name treated as incertae sedis. Lectotypes are designated for Eupelmus azureus Ratzeburg 1844, Pteromalus cordairii Ratzeburg 1844, Eupelmus hostilis Förster 1860, and Eupelmus splendens Giraud 1872. Neotypes are designated for Pteromalus audouinii Ratzeburg 1844 and Eupelmus bedeguaris Ratzeburg 1852. Newly recorded from the Palaearctic are E. (Eupelmus) orthopterae (Risbec 1951) and E. (Eupelmus) peculiaris Narendran (2011). Excluded from the Palaearctic are E. (Eupelmus) afer Silvestri 1914 (Afrotropical) and E. (Eupelmus) longicorpus (Girault 1915) (Australasian), the former being compared to E. confusus Al khatib 2015 and the latter to E. iranicus Kalina 1988 and E. kalinai. Seven informal species groups are recognized for the purpose of species comparisons, the fulgens-, fulvipes-, iranicus-, orientalis-, splendens-, stramineipes-, and urozonus-groups. The latter group is restricted to E. urozonus Dalman and five other species that were differentiated initially using molecular evidence. Females of all 76 species of E. (Eupelmus) recognized from the Palaearctic are keyed, described and illustrated. Males are recognized for 44 of the species, and keyed and illustrated, though not all males of the fulvipes- and urozonus-groups are distinguished from each other.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".