High performance LPF Structure with sharp roll‐off and low VSWR
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A symmetrical compact microstrip lowpass filter (LPF) with ultra‐wide rejection band and low voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) using a novel structure of stepped impedance and butterfly‐shaped resonators is presented and fabricated. The LPF has a 3 dB cut‐off frequency at 1.513 GHz. The series structure of the butterfly‐shaped resonators result in a high roll‐off rate of 187.8 dB/GHz. By generating multiple transmission zeros, a wide stopband (with 35 dB rejection degree) is achieved. To reach a small circuit, the bended transmission line is properly utilised. Moreover, 171% relative stopband bandwidth and dimensions of 0.087 λ g × 0.157 λ g ( λ g is the guided wavelength at 1.513 GHz) are other specifications of this LPF. In addition, an acceptable match is obtained between the simulated and measured responses. In the end, the LPF achieves a high figure‐of‐merit of 82288.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".