The Role of Hong Kong in China's Economic Development
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper surveys the continuing role of Hong Kong in China’s economic development after Hong Kong’s return to Chinese sovereignty in 1997. Focus is placed on three areas. First, the growing economic integration with Guangdong Province, especially the Pearl River Delta, in the development of an export oriented light industrial manufacturing platform. Figures from a recently conducted survey find that Hong Kong based manufacturing and import/export companies employ over 11 million workers in the Chinese Mainland, and is responsible for intermediating 40 percent of China’s external trade and one-third of total foreign direct investment flows into the Mainland in 2000. Second, export of services account for an increasingly large share of Hong Kong’s total exports and amount to one-quarter of Hong Kong’s GDP. Service exports serve an important as producer services in support of the export oriented manufacturing base in Guangdong Province. The service is provided for goods that are routed through Hong Kong as re-exports or for offshore trade that does not pass through Hong Kong. Hong Kong’s role as a regional headquarter for foreign businesses operating in Asia has therefore been growing. Third, Hong Kong’s role as China’s international financial center does not appear to have been eclipsed after its return to Chinese sovereignty. Shanghai’s role as an international financial center is growing but the gap between the two cities remain considerable and Hong Kong continues to have an important role to play in managing China’s financial resources and risks. 1 This paper was presented at as a part of ICSEAD’s Public Lectures on Asia Series (Ajia Kouza) on 12 November 2002.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".