Bibliographic record
Abstract
In Canada, the financial industry rests upon “four pillars.” These are the securities, insurance, trust, and banking sectors. The first three have been, historically, regulated at the provincial level under the rubric of “property and civil rights,” while the fourth has been federally regulated under section 91(15) of the Constitution Act, 1867. As early as 1935, however, a Royal Commission recommended the establishment of a federal securities agency tasked with overseeing federally incorporated companies. Nothing came of that. In the 1960s and until last year, numerous other studies came up with proposals regarding the establishment of a federal securities regulator. Some proposed a federal regular coexisting with provincial counterparts, while others proposed one single federal regulator. How to get the provinces on board varied depending on the study that was conducted.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.011 | 0.015 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.035 | 0.020 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.013 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.011 | 0.011 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".