Benefits of Sandstorm Control in China
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Benefits of the Program Marked decrease in sandstorm eventsSandstorm events, including floating dust, blowing sands and sandstorms themselves, in greater Beijing have been decreasing in number and intensity since 2000.The number of sandstorms from 2000 to 2002 was over 13, hitting 17 in 2002.Despite some fluctuation in numbers since 2003, there is a decreasing trend.According to monitoring data from 22 weather stations from 2000 to 2010, only one station showed an increase in the number of sandstorms, 19 a decrease with 10 recording a sharp decrease.Water conservation areas of the Yanshan Mountains contributed most to the reduction in sandstorms because of afforestation initiatives (Fig. 2), which led to decreases in greater Beijing, Miyun County to the northeast, and the city of Zhangjiakou, northwest of Beijing.The Bashang Plateau, part of Inner Mongolia north of Beijing, a transition zone between cropping and nomadic farming, also showed a decrease in sandstorm events.The Otindag Sandy Land area, an important ecological barrier to block sandstorms originating on the steppes of the Mongolian Plateau being transported to Beijing, showed a sharp decrease in sandstorm events.Spring dust storms decreased from 39.5% in 2000 to 19.8% in 2010.The number of days with an air quality level II in Beijing increased from 177 in 2000 to
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".