Thermal structure and dynamical precursor of a Mediterranean tropical‐like cyclone
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A detailed analysis of a Mediterranean tropical‐like cyclone (MTLC) that occurred in January 2014 has been conducted. After having identified the cyclone path and its general features, the GLOBO, BOLAM and MOLOCH numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, developed at the National Research Council ‐ Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (CNR–ISAC) in Bologna, were used to simulate the phenomenon. Particular attention was paid to the Mediterranean phase of the system life cycle as well as to the Atlantic phase, since the cyclone showed a well‐defined precursor up to 3 days before the formation of the mean sea‐level pressure (MSLP) minimum over the Alboran Sea. The Mediterranean phase was studied using different combinations of the aforementioned models, so as to evaluate the sensitivity to boundary and initial conditions. The analysis of the cyclone thermal phase showed the presence of a deep warm‐core quasi‐symmetric structure, thus confirming the tropical‐like nature of the system. In the Atlantic phase, the precursor, in the form of a low‐pressure system, was traced from North America to the Mediterranean. The thermal phase analysis showed evidence of a deep cold‐core asymmetric structure during the whole Atlantic phase, while the first contact with the Mediterranean Sea caused a sudden transition to a shallow warm‐core structure. The examination of potential vorticity (PV) three‐dimensional structure revealed the presence of a PV streamer that formed individually over the Labrador Sea and subsequently interacted with the low‐pressure system near the northwestern coast of the Iberian peninsula, favouring the first phase of the cyclone intensification.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".