A 0.13μm CMOS 5-MHz BW 47-dB SNDR all-digital time-mode first-order as ADC with 3-bit gated VCO quantizer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents an all-digital time-mode first-order ΔΣ ADC with 3-bit gated VCO quantizer. The ΔΣ ADC consists of a voltage-to-time integrator that performs both voltage-to-time conversion and feedback subtraction, a 7-stage gated current-starved ring oscillator as a 3-bit quantizer, and a digital differentiator that provides both first-order noise-shaping and frequency feedback. Implemented in IBM 0.13 μm 1.2V CMOS technology, the ADC provides SNDR of 47.4 dB and SFDR of 34.1 dB over 4 MHz bandwidth. The power consumption of the ADC is 1.1mW. The silicon consumption excluding bonding pads of the ADC is 470 × 470 μm2.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".