Plasma membrane cholesterol modulates Campylobacter jejuni‐induced translocation of non‐invasive intestinal bacteria
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bacterial enteritis, caused by pathogens such as Campylobacter jejuni , has been implicated as a factor that exacerbates inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) symptoms. The mechanisms whereby translocation of intestinal bacteria secondary to epithelial barrier dysfunction may contribute to the pathogenesis of IBD, have yet to be elucidated. Aims: The aims of this study were to determine whether C. jejuni induces translocation of non‐invasive intestinal bacteria and examine the mechanisms by which this occurs. Results: Wild‐type C. jejuni 81‐176, but not an invasion‐defective FlaAFlaB mutant, induced translocation of intestinal bacteria to the spleens, livers, and mesenteric lymph nodes of infected mice. In human colonic T84 monolayers, C. jejuni induced internalization and translocation of non‐invasive Escherichia coli HB101 via a transcellular pathway in the absence of increased epithelial permeability to a 3 kDa dextran probe. Translocation was prevented by depletion of plasma membrane cholesterol with MbetaCD/lovastatin, and translocating E. coli co‐localized with lipid raft caveolin. Conclusion: C. jejuni may contribute to the pathogenesis of IBD by inducing the internalization and translocation of non‐invasive intestinal bacteria via a mechanism consistent with lipid raft‐mediated endocytosis. Research supported by NSERC and the Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of Canada.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".