Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present the first typeful implementation of Normalization by Evaluation for the simply typed lambda-calculus with sums and control operators: we guarantee type preservation and eta-long (modulo commuting conversions), beta-normal forms using only Generalized Algebraic Data Types in a general-purpose programming language, here OCaml; and we account for sums and control operators with Continuation-Passing Style. First, we implement the standard NbE algorithm for the implicational fragment in a typeful way that is correct by construction. We then derive its call-by-value continuation-passing counterpart, that maps a lambda-term with sums and call/cc into a CPS term in normal form, which we express in a typed dedicated syntax. Beyond showcasing the expressive power of GADTs, we emphasize that type inference gives a smooth way to re-derive the encodings of the syntax and typing of normal forms in Continuation-Passing Style.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".