The Family Standpoint of Investigation: Examining the Correlates and Costs of Parental Stress in a Sample of Families Involved With Ontario Child Welfare
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Consistent with contemporary theories related to the well-being and adjustment of children, the Ontario Child Welfare Transformation policy suggests that researchers and practitioners consider multiple levels of analysis when attempting to understand, prevent, and respond to childhood adversity. By examining the phenomenon of parental stress among child welfare cases, the present study sought to integrate family, child, and service-system levels of analysis through a family-based standpoint of investigation. A sample of 135 families was selected from three Children's Aid Societies in southern Ontario. Using hierarchical regression, we found that child developmental milestones (4–47 months old) and child behavioural and emotional strengths (48 months +) were associated with parental stress, accounting for variance beyond family-level predictors. Children of parents who were stressed had higher health and social service costs, though this trend did not apply for stressed parents themselves. Theoretical and applied implications are discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".