An Effective Polychromatic X-ray Beam for Quantitative Analysis of Fossil Compositions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A presentation of preliminary results of an ongoing study of fossils deposited in the Frenchman Formation near Eastend, Saskatchewan and the Wapiti Formation in westcentral Alberta, Canada, is given in this thesis. Specifically, those of a tyrannosaur and a hadrosaur from the Frenchman and Wapiti Formations, respectively, are studied and compared to others from these formations. The bulk of the analysis is done using Synchrotron X-ray Fluorescence data collected at the Canadian Light Source in Saskatchewan, Canada. Several methods to facilitate both qualitative and quantitative analysis of this data are used and developed. In particular, a method for replacing a polychromatic X-ray spectrum with an effective set of monochromatic beams is explored. Using these methods, the depositional and diagenetic conditions are analyzed. A clear difference can be drawn between the sample locations, offering an explanation for the exceptional preservation of a three dimensional skin fossil in the latter locality.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.015 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".