Intact peripheral chemoreflex regulation of sympathetic vasomotor tone in breath hold divers after detraining period
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that peripheral chemoreceptor function in response to hypoxia is normal in breath‐hold divers (BHD) after detraining period. We compared ventilatory, sympathetic (MSNA), heart rate and blood pressure responses to isocapnic hypoxia in 11 BHD and 11 control subjects. The study was carried out at least one month after all divers finished most intensive apnea training. After baseline period for instrumentation, subjects breathed isocapnic hypoxic mixture to reduce arterial saturation to 0.8. During hypoxia burst frequency (MSNA f ) and total activity (MSNA t , au/min) increased similarly in both groups (27% and 60% in BHD and 30% and 66% in controls), respectively. Increased MSNA f and MSNA t returned to baseline after 20 min after termination of hypoxia. Hypoxia‐induced stimulation of minute ventilation was similar in both groups. Cardiac output was increased during hypoxia and since mean blood pressure was unchanged, total peripheral resistance was similarly reduced in both groups. We conclude that elite divers at least 1 month after the end of intensive training/competition period have normal peripheral chemosensitivity without any ventilatory, hemodynamic and autonomic differences from those observed in control subjects. This study was supported by the Croatian Ministry of Science, Education and Sports.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".