Asians and the new multiculturalism in Aotearoa New Zealand [Book Review]
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Gosh, G. and Leckie, J. (Eds.) (2015) Asians and the new in Aotearoa New Zealand, Dunedin: Otago University Press. 315 pp. ISBN 978-1-877578-23-6.This book is based on a 2011 symposium, entitled 'Interrogating in Aotearoa New Zealand: An Asian Studies Perspective'. The content is a collection of articles from academics that come from a range of disciplines. The authors address the situation of geographically, nationally and historically diverse Asian communities in New Zealand and engage with the question of what kind of multicultural framework could work in a country with a steadily expanding ethnic diversity. In the last fifty years people from the Pacific Islands, Asia and the Middle-East have made New Zealand their home. The situation for migrants in New Zealand is complex since indigenous, settler and immigrant populations face the challenge of finding ways of successfully living together and negotiating sometimes multiple identities. A discussion of the unresolved tensions between biculturalism and multiculturalism in a society where different ethnicities try to assert themselves is also one of the main themes of this compilation. The lead editor Gautam Ghosh explains at the beginning that '... [M]ulticulturalism is a fraught and vexing issue'. One of the reasons for this is that multiculturalism is not a singular phenomenon but can vary depending on the character of a nation. It appears that multiculturalism may be a concept that does not always work. In Europe a number of leaders are now starting to argue that multiculturalism is problematic for a society, for example the German Chancellor Angela Merkel spoke in 2010 to a meeting of young members of her Christian Democratic Union party. She claimed that the idea of people from different cultural backgrounds living happily by side did not work and that the country's attempts to create a multicultural society have 'utterly failed'1. This comment stirred a debate about immigration in a country which is home to approximately 4 million Muslims. In Britain the BBC reported a similar statement from David Cameron who linked multiculturalism to terrorism. At a security conference in Munich in February 2011, he claimed that the UK needed a stronger national identity to prevent people turning to extremism2 . He also proclaimed a tougher stance on groups who promote Islamic extremism. In France, the US, Australia and Canada concerns about immigration and the consequences of multiculturalism had been increasing too. So far New Zealand has not experienced the deeper tensions of countries such as France, Germany and England. According to McMillan (2010), this is because in New Zealand the circumstances are less challenging. However according to Gosh 'multiculturalism [in New Zealand] is not without its contentions ...'All of the contributors in the book look at various contentions in different social contexts and suggest possible ways of how these can be addressed. The book is divided into four parts, each of which is divided into chapters. I will engage with each chapter separately.Part one is titled Biculturalism and Multiculturalism and is comprised of two chapters that focus on how to negotiate between biculturalism and multiculturalism. Paul Spoonley's chapter, 'We made space for you: Renegotiating national identity and citizenship in contemporary Aotearoa New Zealand' provides a very good overview of the historical background and the relations between Maori, Pakeha and people from other parts of the Pacific and Asia. Spoonley describes that the Treaty of Waitangi was only elevated in the 1980s to the status of a founding national document that explained the relations between Maori and Pakeha as a partnership. This important step suggests that Maori, as tangata whenua of New Zealand, were entitled to special recognition from the state. However if biculturalism reflects the recognition of Maori rights, there is still a lot of space to explore what adjustments have to be made in order to recognise multicultural diversity and citizenship. …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".