Effect of glutathione depletion on mitochondrial‐mediated apoptotic signaling in rat skeletal muscle
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is an abundant thiol that is critical in cellular redox status. Reduced cellular antioxidant capacity has been shown to increase cellular damage and apoptosis. In this study we investigated the effect of GSH depletion, by L‐buthionine‐[S,R]‐sulfoximine (BSO), on redox status and apoptotic signaling in rat quadriceps muscle. BSO treatment significantly (p<0.05) reduced whole muscle and mitochondrial GSH content by 95% and 84%, respectively. Whole muscle reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was also found to be significantly (p<0.05) elevated in BSO‐treated animals compared to controls. In addition, CuZnSOD protein content was significantly (p<0.05) increased in BSO‐treated animals compared to controls. Flow cytometric analysis also revealed that membrane potential was significantly (p<0.05) reduced in isolated mitochondria of BSO‐treated animals. Interestingly, the activity of caspase‐3 and ‐9 in skeletal muscle was not significantly different between groups. This data suggests that glutathione depletion significantly alters muscle/mitochondrial redox status as well as mitochondrial membrane potential but not basal apoptotic signaling. It remains to be determined if these changes influence apoptotic signaling/susceptibility to additional cellular stressors. Research supported by NSERC of Canada.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".